Compare Holy See (Vatican City) (2008) - Monaco (2004)

Compare Holy See (Vatican City) (2008) z Monaco (2004)

	Holy See (Vatican City) (2008)	Monaco (2004)

Administrative divisions	none	none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 15.5% (male 2,554; female 2,453) 15-64 years: 62.1% (male 9,860; female 10,165) 65 years and over: 22.4% (male 2,959; female 4,279) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	none
Airports	-	none; linked to the airport at Nice, France by helicopter service (2003) (2003 est.)
Area	total: 0.44 sq km land: 0.44 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 1.95 sq km land: 1.95 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about 0.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC	about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background	Popes in their secular role ruled portions of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid 19th century, when many of the Papal States were seized by the newly united Kingdom of Italy. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between a series of "prisoner" popes and Italy were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties, which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat between the Holy See and Italy modified certain of the earlier treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion. Present concerns of the Holy See include religious freedom, international development, the environment, the Middle East, China, the decline of religion in Europe, terrorism, interreligious dialogue and reconciliation, and the application of church doctrine in an era of rapid change and globalization. About 1 billion people worldwide profess the Catholic faith.	Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.
Birth rate	-	9.36 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	revenues: $310 million expenditures: $307 million (2006)	revenues: $518 million expenditures: $531 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1995)
Capital	name: Vatican City geographic coordinates: 41 54 N, 12 27 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October	Monaco
Climate	temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)	Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)	4.1 km
Constitution	new Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope JOHN PAUL II on 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (replaces the first Fundamental Law of 1929)	17 December 1962
Country name	conventional long form: The Holy See (State of the Vatican City) conventional short form: Holy See (Vatican City) local long form: Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano) local short form: Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano)	conventional long form: Principality of Monaco conventional short form: Monaco local long form: Principaute de Monaco local short form: Monaco
Currency	-	euro (EUR)
Death rate	-	12.74 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	-	NA (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Mary Ann GLENDON embassy: Villa Domiziana, Via delle Terme Deciane 26, 00153 Rome mailing address: PSC 59, Box 66, APO AE 09624 telephone: [39] (06) 4674-3428 FAX: [39] (06) 575-8346	the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France) is accredited to Monaco
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Apostolic Nuncio Archbishop Pietro SAMBI chancery: 3339 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 333-7121 FAX: [1] (202) 337-4036	Monaco does not have an embassy in the US consulate(s) general: New York
Disputes - international	none	none
Economic aid - recipient	-	NA
Economy - overview	This unique, noncommercial economy is supported financially by an annual contribution (known as Peter's Pence) from Roman Catholic dioceses throughout the world; by the sale of postage stamps, coins, medals, and tourist mementos; by fees for admission to museums; and by the sale of publications. Investments and real estate income also account for a sizable portion of revenue. The incomes and living standards of lay workers are comparable to those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome.	Monaco, bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. In 2001, a major construction project extended the pier used by cruise ships in the main harbor. The principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas. Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates below are extremely rough.
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh	NA kWh
Electricity - imports	NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy	NA kWh note: electricity supplied by France
Electricity - production	NA kWh	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: unnamed location 19 m highest point: unnamed location 75 m	lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mont Agel 140 m
Environment - current issues	NA	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Climate Change signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution, Environmental Modification	party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups	Italians, Swiss, other	French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%
Exchange rates	euros per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)	euros per US dollar - 0.8860 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)
Executive branch	chief of state: Pope BENEDICT XVI (since 19 April 2005) head of government: Secretary of State Cardinal Tarcisio BERTONE (since 15 September 2006) cabinet: Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the pope elections: pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals; election last held 19 April 2005 (next to be held after the death of the current pope); secretary of state appointed by the pope election results: Joseph RATZINGER elected Pope BENEDICT XVI	chief of state: Prince RAINIER III (since 9 May 1949); Heir Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre, son of the monarch (born 14 March 1958) head of government: Minister of State Patrick LECLERCQ (since 5 January 2000) cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government
Exports	-	$NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side) and white with the arms of the Holy See, consisting of the crossed keys of Saint Peter surmounted by the three-tiered papal tiara, centered in the white band	two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $870 million (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: NA industry: NA services: NA (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $27,000 (1999 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	NA (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates	41 54 N, 12 27 E	43 44 N, 7 24 E
Geography - note	landlocked; enclave in Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; beyond the territorial boundary of Vatican City, the Lateran Treaty of 1929 grants the Holy See extraterritorial authority over 23 sites in Rome and five outside of Rome, including the Pontifical Palace at Castel Gandolfo (the Pope's summer residence)	second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban
Heliports	-	1 (shuttle service between the international airport at Nice, France, and Monaco's heliport at Fontvieille) (2003 est.)
Highways	-	total: 50 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Imports	NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy	$NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
Independence	11 February 1929 (from Italy); note - the three treaties signed with Italy on 11 February 1929 acknowledged, among other things, the full sovereignty of the Vatican and established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal States, which over the years have varied considerably in extent, may be traced back to the 8th century	1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi)
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA
Industries	printing; production of coins, medals, postage stamps; a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities	tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products
Infant mortality rate	-	total: 5.53 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.4 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	NA (2000)
International organization participation	CE (observer), CPLP (associate), IAEA, IOM (observer), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, NAM (guest), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNHCR, Union Latina (observer), UNWTO (observer), UPU, WIPO, WTO (observer)	ACCT, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Irrigated land	0 sq km	NA sq km
Judicial branch	there are three tribunals responsible for civil and criminal matters within Vatican City; three other tribunals rule on issues pertaining to the Holy See note: judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio of Pope PIUS XII on 1 May 1946	Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)
Labor force	NA	30,540 (January 1994)
Labor force - by occupation	note: essentially services with a small amount of industry; nearly all dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and the approximately 3,000 lay workers live outside the Vatican	-
Land boundaries	total: 3.2 km border countries: Italy 3.2 km	total: 4.4 km border countries: France 4.4 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (2005)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (2001)
Languages	Italian, Latin, French, various other languages	French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
Legal system	based on Code of Canon Law and revisions to it	based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City	unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 9 February 2003 (next to be held NA February 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UNAM 21, UND 3
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 79.42 years male: 75.53 years female: 83.5 years (2004 est.)
Literacy	definition: NA total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100%	definition: NA total population: 99% male: NA female: NA
Location	Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy)	Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy
Map references	Europe	Europe
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	territorial sea: 12 nm
Merchant marine	-	none
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Italy; ceremonial and limited security duties performed by Pontifical Swiss Guard	defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches	Pontifical Swiss Guard (Corpo della Guardia Svizzera Pontificia)	-
National holiday	Coronation Day of Pope BENEDICT XVI, 24 April (2005)	National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November
Nationality	noun: none adjective: none	noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s) adjective: Monegasque or Monacan
Natural hazards	NA	NA
Natural resources	none	none
Net migration rate	-	7.75 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Political parties and leaders	none	National and Democratic Union or UND [Jean-Louis CAMPORA]; Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders	none (exclusive of influence exercised by church officers)	NA
Population	821 (July 2007 est.)	32,270 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA
Population growth rate	0% (2007 est.)	0.44% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Monaco
Radio broadcast stations	AM 4, FM 3, shortwave 2 (2004)	AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998)
Religions	Roman Catholic	Roman Catholic 90%
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage	limited to cardinals less than 80 years old	21 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: automatic digital exchange domestic: connected via fiber optic cable to Telecom Italia network international: country code - 39; uses Italian system	general assessment: modern automatic telephone system domestic: NA international: country code - 377; no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system
Telephones - main lines in use	5,120 (2005)	33,700 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	19,300 (2002)
Television broadcast stations	1 (2005)	5 (1998)
Terrain	urban; low hill	hilly, rugged, rocky
Total fertility rate	-	1.76 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	3.1% (1998)

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